Saturday, January 30, 2016

A struggle to classify IS acts as genocide

A struggle to classify IS acts as genocide

For months now, the European parliamentarian Lars Adaktusson (Christian Democrates, Sweden) has been working to pass a resolution recognizing that the Islamic State is committing genocide against Christian minorities. Next week we will see if he succeeds. 

Nyheter
The eyes are going back and forth between the cheat sheet and the Bureau of the European Parliament in Strasbourg. Lars Adaktusson (KD) has one and a half minutes to present his case, and does so by quickly explaining that the Islamic State is guilty of the worst crimes there are under international law.
– The ongoing persecution lives up to the most rigorous definition of genocide, he says right before he is interrupted mid-sentence, and finds himself indifferent that the speaking time has run out.
The debate that follows goes on for about forty minutes, where speaker after speaker from the entire political spectrum goes up to show their disgust with IS. Many of those present agree with Adaktusson’s statements, one for example, Bodil Valero, of the Swedish Green Party (Miljöpartiet). 
– It is important that we call what is happening an ongoing genocide and a crime against humanity and it is extremely important that we act before it is completed, she says. 
Just to have made it here with the issue, with the Foreign Minister of the EU Federica Mogherini, must be seen as a success for Adaktusson. But the debate in the European Parliament on January 20th was not the end of a long journey. It was the beginning of a very intense sprint. After the debate, two weeks remain that will be crucial if the work is to succeed, when it will be determined whether Lars Adaktusson’s resolution on the genocide will get a thumbs up or down. In order to pass a resolution you have to get a majority in the Parliament, this gigantic political forum that, if they join together in a question, is one of the world’s heaviest power factors.
Resolution on safety zone was not enough
The goal for Adaktusson is that Parliament will adopt his resolution about the Islamic State carrying out genocide of ethno-religious groups in Iraq and Syria. It is a projectile with a view all the way up to the top level of world politics, which could lead to a military intervention with ground troops to stop IS. But we are not quite there yet.
Lars Adaktusson has ever since he threw himself into politics, after a long career as a journalist, highlighted the issue of the Christian minorities in the Middle East.
– As early as the election campaign in 2014, I began to highlight their situation, he says.
– I wrote among other things a debate article in the Swedish Daily News (Dagens Nyheter) and received a lot of criticism. But I had decided to pursue the issue in the election campaign, and now it is time to live up to that.
Initially Adaktusson pushed for a safe zone in Iraq, so that the people who had fled could return. In March last year the European Parliament adopted a resolutionwhere they gave their support. But a safe zone for the religious minorities is not yet in sight.
– In the fall therefore it felt like it was time to take the next step in the process, Adaktusson says.
In November, while he was out wandering the corridors of the European Parliament’s premises in Brussels, he got it. The idea to present a resolution that IS is committing a genocide. It was not a single specific IS-act that triggered him, but rather a general frustration over the fact that nothing was happening. 
– But of course the terror attacks in Paris, which were not directed against religious minorities, affected me more than any other single incident. 
Once he was decided, began a painstaking political work, which we have for convenience sake divided into six steps.
Step One
Initially he had to convince his own staff. Lars Adaktusson has four coworkers and without their support it would be impossible to run a query. 
– That same afternoon we all agreed, says Adaktusson.
One of his coworkers is Charlie Weimers, who was not particularly difficult to persuade. 
In January last year, we were visiting in Iraq, and what we were greeted with really shook us. Christian leaders said that no one is happier than IS when Christians are fleeing to Europe. That is what they aspire. It was incredibly frustrating to hear, as it puts us in a difficult position. On the one hand we want to help those fleeing for their lives. On the other hand, the religious leaders say we are doing IS’ job when we receive these refugees. 
The feeling has long been that something should be done. Charlie Weimers says that nowadays there also is an opening, especially after the terrorist attacks in Paris, a new climate has taken root.
– When we arrived in Brussels, it was politically incorrect to talk about the persecution of Christians. Both victims (Christians) and perpetrators (Muslims) were wrong according to the politically correct manual. That has changed, he says.
Step Two
The next step was to start doing the dirty work. Establish facts, establish contacts and opinion forming.
– With the help of legal experts, we began to produce material that proves the case of genocide. This is about looking at the statements made in the framework of the UN, and other reports, and we came to the conclusion that it is very clear that this is genocide, says Charlie Weimers.
He says that the whole thing would not be presented as a political "statement", but rather a finding, as fact. And in that case good research is everything, not least given that genocide in legal terms is a very strong notion. 
Among other things, the group got the organization A Demand For Action, with its pugnacious leader Nuri Kino, the 2015 role model of the year according to the readers of the Swedish daily newspaper Dagen, to join them in the work. The Catholic priest Jose Luis Bazan from the European Conference of Catholic Bishops was also important in the legal groundwork, as well as to anchor all among the ethnic groups that the genocide concerns. From that, a resolution was formed, and a seminar was organized in Stockholm for opinion-forming
Step Three
Once the basis of a resolution was clear it was time to seriously put the issue on the political agenda. EU (European Union) policy differs somewhat from Swedish politics to the extent that an individual MEP can run a query in a totally different way. But then you have to first and foremost anchor the suggestions in your own political camp.
The Christian Democrats are included in the EPP, the European Parliament''s largest group, where the Moderates are also included. They have a working group on Foreign Affairs, where the genocide issue was first brought up.
– I asked to speak and put forward our proposals, says Adaktusson.
He immediately received a positive response and the call to proceed. A formal decision was taken that the EPP would pursue the issue, and Lars Adaktusson was assigned to represent the group in this case.
– Then we also got the help of the EPP Secretariat, which meant a lot of administrative muscle.
Step Four
To get your own party with you is one thing. But to get anywhere with a policy proposal you have to get other groups with you as well. The European Parliament is not very easy to navigate; there is no clear majority, no stated opposition. Although the EPP is the biggest, they must get either the Liberal or Socialist Group to join them for the question to be lifted.
And before the question even comes up on the agenda it must pass the Conference of Presidents, which can reject those proposals considered not able to get wide support.
– The fear I had was that the other party groups would block the query so that it wouldn’t even come up, says Lars Adaktusson.
The process could have stopped there, and Adaktusson chose the word "agony" to describe his feelings. Another fear was that the content would be watered out along the road, that genocide was a controversial concept, that it would be replaced with milder formulations.
– When we heard that there were hesitations among other groups, we sat here the night before and called a number of strategic people. Even though we put a lot of work in for the Conference of Presidents, it didn’t felt like we were succeeding, that we had no control.
When they got the green light on Thursday, January 14, the joy and relief was great. A week later, Lars Adaktusson stands in the Parliament''s building in Strasbourg, and gives his speech.
Step Five
Now it remains to see where the genocide issue lands in Parliament. On Thursday, February 4, it all ties together. In order to pass a resolution that IS is committing genocide, 375 votes are required. EPP has 220. Lars Adaktusson and his staff are working hard to convince others for support.
– Many are positive, but there are some objections, he says.
This type of decision should not be taken in Parliament, but here in the UN Security Council, say some. All of the criteria for genocide are not met, say others. It is not only Christians who are subjected to genocide, but the majority are Muslims, and we therefore cannot adopt such a resolution, reads a critique.
Are you nervous before the vote?
– Yes, of course it is. You can not take anything for granted.
How important was it to point out that there are Christians subjected to genocide?
– It is obvious that we call groups for what they are. We say that it is about ethno-religious groups. Christians, in forms of Assyrian / Syriac / Caldeans, but also Yezidis, who have their own interpretation of Islam. It''s about these groups, in which many, but not all, are Christian. It is highly relevant to talk about Christians because IS’ stated goal is to wipe out Christianity.
Step Six
If Lars Adaktusson on Wednesday succeeds with getting a majority in parliament, it is a great victory for him as a politician. But even if he does, the journey does not stop there, but then perhaps the most difficult thing of all remains. That the resolution does not end up being only words, but put into practice.
And what practical significance can a genocide recognition have? Lars Adaktusson point out three things.
First of all a recognition means a legal possibility to prosecute the perpetrators for crimes against humanity.
Secondly, the vindication of those who have suffered. Something that should not be underestimated, according Adaktusson, which brings out the 1915 genocide against Armenians, Assyrians / Syriacs / Chaldeans and Pontic Greeks in modern Turkey.
– For a hundred years they have been fighting for it to be recognized as genocide. It provides a small illustration of how important it is to get a recognition.
Adaktusson also refers to what Christians themselves say, for example, a letter from the Chaldean Patriarch in Iraq, Louis Sako, who appeals to European politicians about the recognition.
– In the letter it is clear how important this is for the Church in place and for those affected. This is followed really closely by those concerned. There is no doubt that what will be voted on in Strasbourg is important for millions of people in the region.
Thirdly, a recognition of genocide means that the world is obliged to intervene, according to the international law principle "Responsibility to Protect". A resolution could pave the way for new military interventions.
Certainly Parliament is not in possession of troops, but the resolution must urgently be seen as a lever against other players, individual countries and, above all, which is the end point with Lars Adaktussons idea, the UN Security Council. If the outside world is to fight the IS with a military, the UN is where many are pinning their hopes.
– To achieve this, we need governments and parliaments to take the decision to recognize it as a genocide, says Adaktusson.
Do you want the outside world to put in ground troops against the IS?
– There is already a military coalition in place with 60 countries. But it is not enough. Although IS has been turned back, they still control large areas. And those who have been driven away, the ethno-religious groups, have not had opportunity to return. They do not dare to as their safety can not be guaranteed. The international community must do more, we must increase the military operations so that human lives can be saved and that we can get safety zones.
So you want to see ground troops against the IS?
- I do not think we should rule out the option that it may be necessary to have troops or military assets on the ground. It may well be that the only way to fight back against this terrible terrorist group is to reinforce the ground troops. It is not to escalate the conflict or to bomb forward peace. This is about self-defense, to defend the weakest that are victims of genocide. It is not a war of aggression, but a defense against evil.

Translation: Daniela Babylonia Barhanna

En kamp för att klassa IS dåd som folkmord

I några månaders tid har EU-parlamentarikern Lars Adaktusson (KD) arbetat för att få igenom en resolution som erkänner att Islamiska staten begår ett folkmord på kristna minoriteter. Nästa vecka får vi se om han lyckas.

Nyheter
Blicken åker jo-jo mellan fuskpappret och presidiet i Europaparlamentet i Strasbourg. Lars Adaktusson (KD) har en och en halv minut på sig att framföra sitt ärende, och gör det med att snabbt redogöra för att Islamiska staten gjort sig skyldiga till de värsta brott som finns enligt internationell lag.
- Den pågående förföljelsen lever upp till den striktaste definition av folkmord, hinner han säga innan han snart avbryts mitt i en mening, och finner sig fogligt i att talartiden runnit ut.
Debatten som följer pågår i omkring fyrtio minuter, där talare efter talare från hela det politiska spektret går upp och visar sin avsky mot IS. Många av de närvarande instämmer i Adaktusson inlägg, exempelvis den svenska miljöpartisten Bodil Valero.
- Det är viktigt att vi benämner det som sker som ett pågående folkmord och ett brott mot mänskligheten och det är oerhört viktigt att vi agerar innan det har fullbordats, säger hon.
Bara att ha fått upp frågan hit, med "EU:s utrikesminister" Federica Mogherini närvarande, får ses som en framgång för Adaktusson. Men debatten i Europaparlamentet den 20 januari var inte slutet på en lång resa. Det var början på en mycket intensiv slutspurt. För efter debatten återstår två veckor som kommer att bli avgörande om arbetet ska bära frukt, då det avgörs om Lars Adaktussons resolutionsförslag om folkmord ska få tummen upp eller ned. För att få igenom en resolution gäller det att få en majoritet med sig i parlamentet, detta gigantiska politiska forum som om det sluter sig samman i en fråga är en av världens tyngsta maktfaktorer.
RESOLUTION OM FREDAD ZON RÄCKTE INTE
Målet för Adaktusson är att parlamentet ska anta hans resolution om att Islamiska staten utför ett folkmord på etnoreligiösa grupper i Irak och Syrien. Det är en projektil med siktet inställt ända upp på världspolitikens toppnivå, som kan leda till en militär intervention med marktrupper för att sätta stopp för IS. Men riktigt där är vi ännu inte.
Lars Adaktusson har ända sedan han kastade sig in i politiken, efter en lång karriär som journalist, lyft frågan om de kristna minoritetsgrupperna i Mellanöstern.
- Redan i valrörelsen 2014 började jag lyfta fram deras situation, berättar han.
- Jag skrev bland annat en debattartikel i DN och fick då mycket kritik. Men jag hade bestämt mig för att driva frågan i valrörelsen, och nu gäller det att leva upp till det.
Till en början tryckte Adaktusson på för en fredad zon i Irak, för att människor som flytt skulle kunna återvända. I mars förra året antog EU-parlamentet en resolution där de gav sitt stöd. Men någon fredad zon för de religiösa minoriteterna är ännu inte i sikte.
- Under hösten kändes det därför som att det var dags att ta nästa steg i processen, berättar Adaktusson.
I november, då han var ute och vandrade i korridorerna i EU-parlamentets lokaler i Bryssel "damp den ner". Idén att lägga fram en resolution att IS begår ett folkmord. Det var inget enskilt IS-dåd som triggade honom, utan snarare en allmän frustration över att inget hände.
- Men det är klart att terrordåden i Paris, som inte var riktade mot de religiösa minoriteterna, påverkade mig mer än någon annan enskild händelse.
När han väl hade bestämt sig påbörjades ett mödosamt politiskt arbete, som vi för enkelhetens skull delar upp i sex olika steg.
STEG ETT
Till en början gällde det att övertyga den egna staben. Lars Adaktusson har 4 medarbetare, och utan deras stöd skulle det bli omöjligt att driva en fråga.
- Redan samma eftermiddag var vi överens, berättar Adaktusson.
En av hans medarbetare är Charlie Weimers, som inte var speciellt svårövertalad.
- I januari förra året var vi på besök i Irak, och det vi mötte skakade om oss. De kristna ledarna sa att ingen blir gladare än IS när kristna flyr till Europa. Det är det de eftersträvar. Det var otroligt frustrerande att höra, för vi hamnar i en svår rävsax. Å ena sidan vill vi hjälpa dem som flyr för sina liv. Å andra sidan, de religiösa ledarna säger att vi gör IS jobb när vi tar emot dessa flyktingar.
Känslan har länge varit att något bör göras. Charlie Weimers berättar att det numera också finns en öppning, framförallt efter terrordåden i Paris har ett nytt klimat slagit rot.
- När vi kom till Bryssel var det politiskt inkorrekt att tala om förföljelse av kristna. Både offer (kristna) och förövarna (muslimer) var fel enligt den politiskt korrekta handboken. Det har förändrats, säger han.
STEG TVÅ
Nästa steg var att börja göra själva grovjobbet. Ta fram fakta, knyta kontakter och opinionsbilda.
- Med hjälp av juridiska experter började vi ta fram material som bevisar att det rör sig om ett folkmord. Då handlar det om att titta på vilka uttalanden som gjorts inom ramen för FN, och andra rapporter, och vi kom fram till att det är väldigt tydligt att det rör sig om ett folkmord, berättar Charlie Weimers.
Han säger att det hela inte skulle läggas fram som ett politiskt "statement", utan snarare ett konstaterande, som fakta. Och då är en god research A och O, inte minst med tanke på att folkmord i juridiska termer är ett väldigt starkt begrepp.
Bland annat fick gruppen med sig "A demand for action" in i arbetet, med dess stridbare förgrundsgestalt Nuri Kino, 2015 års förebild enligt Dagens läsare. Även den katolske prästen Jose Luis Bazan från den europeiska katolska biskopskonferensen var viktig i det juridiska förarbetet, liksom att förankra allt bland de folkgrupper som folkmordet berör. Utifrån det togs sedan en resolutionstext fram, och ett seminarium anordnades i Stockholm för att opinionsbilda.
STEG TRE
När väl underlaget till en resolution var klart var det dags att på allvar föra upp frågan på den politiska dagordningen. EU-politik skiljer sig en del från svensk politik, i den mån att en enskild EU-parlamentariker kan driva en fråga på ett helt annat sätt. Men då gäller det att först och främst förankra sina förslag i sitt eget politiska läger.
Kristdemokraterna ingår i EPP, Europaparlamentets största grupp, där även Moderaterna ingår. De har en arbetsgrupp för utrikesfrågor, dit folkmordsfrågan först fördes upp.
- Jag begärde ordet och la fram vårt förslag, berättar Adaktusson.
Han fick direkt positiv respons och uppmaningen att gå vidare. Ett formellt beslut togs att EPP skulle driva frågan, och Lars Adaktusson fick uppdraget att representera partigruppen i ärendet.
- Då fick vi också hjälp av EPP:s sekretariat, vilket innebar mycket administrativa muskler.
STEG FYRA
Att få med sig den egna partigruppen är en sak. Men för att komma någonstans med ett politiskt förslag gäller det också att förankra den hos övriga partigrupper. Europaparlamentet är inte helt lätt att navigera i, det finns ingen given majoritet, ingen uttalad opposition. Även om EPP är störst, måste de få med sig antingen den liberala eller den socialdemokratiska gruppen för att en fråga ska lyfta.
Och innan en fråga ens kommer upp på agendan måste den passera talmanskonferensen, som kan sortera bort de förslag som inte anses kunna få ett brett stöd.
- Rädslan hos mig var att de andra partigrupperna skulle blockera frågan så att den över huvud taget inte skulle komma upp, säger Lars Adaktusson.
Processen kunde ha stoppats där, och Adaktusson väljer ordet "vånda" då han beskriver sina känslor. En annan rädsla var att innehållet skulle vattnas ut längs vägen, att folkmord var ett så kontroversiellt begrepp att det skulle bytas ut mot något mildare formuleringar.
- När vi hörde att det fanns tveksamheter hos andra grupper, så satt vi här kvällen innan och tog ett antal samtal med strategiska personer. Trots att vi la ner mycket arbete inför talmanskonferensen kändes det som att vi inte var i hamn, att vi inte hade kontroll.
När de sedan fick grönt ljus, torsdagen den 14:e januari, var glädjen och lättnaden stor. En vecka senare står Lars Adaktusson i parlamentets pampiga byggnad i Strasbourg och håller sitt tal.
STEG FEM
Nu återstår det att se var folkmordsfrågan landar i parlamentet. På torsdag, den 4 februari, ska säcken knytas ihop. För att få igenom en resolution att IS begår ett folkmord krävs det 375 röster. EPP har 220. Lars Adaktusson och hans medarbetare arbetar för fullt för att övertyga andra för att få stöd.
- Många är positiva, men det finns en del invändningar, berättar han.
Den här typen av beslut ska inte tas i Europaparlamentet, utan det här hemma i FN:s säkerhetsråd, säger vissa. Alla kriterier för folkmord är inte uppfyllda, säger andra. Det är inte bara kristna som utsätts för folkmord, utan majoriteten är muslimer, och därför kan vi inte anta en sådan här resolution, lyder en kritik.
Är det pirrigt inför omröstningen?
- Ja, det är klart att det är. Det går inte att ta något för givet.
Hur viktigt har det varit att poängtera att det är kristna som utsätts för folkmord?
- Det är självklart att kalla grupperna för vad de är. Vi säger att det handlar om etnoreligiösa grupper. Kristna i form av assyrier/syrianer/kaldéer, men även yezidier, som har sin egen tolkning av islam. Det handlar om de här grupperna, där många, men inte alla, är kristna. Det är i hög grad relevant att tala om kristna eftersom IS uttalade mål är att utplåna kristenheten.
STEG SEX
Om Lars Adaktusson på onsdag lyckas få med sig en majoritet i parlamentet är det en stor seger för honom som politiker. Men även om han lyckas slutar inte resan där, utan då återstår det kanske svåraste av allt. Att resolutionen inte bara blir ord, utan omsätts i praktisk handling.
Och vad kan ett folkmordserkännande få för praktisk betydelse? Lars Adaktusson pekar ut tre saker.
För det första innebär ett erkännande en juridisk möjlighet att åtala förövarna för brott mot mänskligheten.
För det andra innebär det upprättelse för dem som har drabbats. Något som inte bör underskattas, enligt Adaktusson, som lyfter fram folkmordet 1915 mot armenier, assyrier/syrianer/kaldéer och pontiska greker i nuvarande Turkiet.
- I hundra år har de kämpat för att det ska erkännas som ett folkmord. Det ger en liten illustration om hur viktigt det är med ett erkännande.
Adaktusson hänvisar också till vad de kristna själva säger, exempelvis ett brev från den kaldeiske patriarken i Irak, Louis Sako, som vädjar till EU-politikerna om ett erkännande.
- I brevet framgår det hur viktigt det här är för kyrkan på plats och för de drabbade. Det här följs verkligen noga av de som är berörda. Det är ingen tvekan att det som kommer att voteras om i Strasbourg är viktigt för miljontals människor i regionen.
För det tredje innebär ett erkännande om folkmord att omvärlden är skyldig att ingripa, enligt den folkrättsliga principen "Responsibility to Protect". En resolution kan bana vägen för nya militära ingripanden.
Visserligen förfogar inte Europaparlamentet över några trupper, utan resolutionen får snarast ses som en påtryckning gentemot andra aktörer, enskilda länder och framförallt, vilket är själva slutpunkten med Lars Adaktussons idé, FN:s säkerhetsråd. Om omvärlden ska bekämpa IS militärt är det till FN många sätter sitt hopp.
- För att nå dit behövs det regeringar och parlament som tar beslutet att erkänna det hela som ett folkmord, säger Adaktusson.
Vill du att omvärlden sätter in marktrupper mot IS?
- Det finns redan i dag en militär koalition på plats med ett 60-tal länder. Men det görs inte tillräckligt. Även om IS har slagits tillbaka, så håller de stora områden. Och de som drivits bort, de etnoreligiösa grupperna, har inte haft möjlighet att återvända. De vågar inte för säkerheten kan inte garanteras. Världssamfundet måste göra mer, vi måste öka de militära insatserna så att människoliv räddas och att vi kan få fredade zoner.
Så du vill se marktrupper mot IS?
- Jag tycker inte att man ska utesluta alternativet att det kan behövas soldater eller militära resurser på marken. Det kan mycket väl bli så att det enda sättet att slå tillbaka den här fruktansvärda terrorgruppen är att förstärka med marktrupper. Det handlar inte om att trappa upp en konflikt eller att bomba fram fred. Det här handlar om självförsvar, att försvara de svagaste som är utsatta för ett folkmord. Det är inte ett angreppskrig, utan ett försvar mot ondskan.

Friday, January 29, 2016

ISIS releases 16 Assyrian Christian hostages

ISIS releases 16 Assyrian Christian hostages

ACERO
Photos released by ACERO on Facebook show the freed hostages with the Bishop of Syria, His Grace Mar Afram Athneil.
ISIS has released 16 more Assyrian Christian hostages in Syria, activists working in the region have confirmed.
The Assyrian Church of the East Relief Organisation (ACERO) today said the 16 were released after being held in north-eastern Syria since February 2015. Photos posted on Facebook show that at least nine of the freed are children.
The hostages were among more than 200 people abducted from villages along the Khabour River in northern Syria on February 23 last year. ISIS militants undertook raids on a number of Assyrian villages near Tel Hmar, burning churches and forcing hundreds of families to flee.
ISIS has now released more than 160 captives in total, and A Demand for Action (ADFA), a campaign group for minorities in the Middle East, previously told Christian Today that the Church is working "day and night to make sure all are returned to their families safely".
"Obviously we are very grateful more are freed," ADFA spokeswoman Diana Yacqo said today. "This with no doubt has been one of the most difficult periods in the church's history and very challenging to many, but thankfully the church leaders have not given up at all and have pursued this from the beginning.
"However it makes us question if there ever will be a safe environment for our people to live there again. We have always lived in harmony but this is proving difficult as time goes by. We don't know what the future holds for us in the Middle East. Our history and churches have been destroyed, our people fleeing and kidnapped. It's literally a nightmare situation and yet still nobody wants to help."
She continued: "The United Nations has neglected the situation, our pleas to our respective governments have gone unnoticed, we just seem to be the forgotten people of those lands."
ACERO previously said it "will not cease" until all hostages are freed.
In October, ISIS released a video showing the execution of three of the hostages, and threatened to kill those still in captivity if a multi-million dollar ransom was not paid.
Initially, militants demanded a ransom of around $100,000 per hostage, totalling $23 million. When it became clear that the Assyrian community could not afford it, the amount was lowered to between $12-$14 million.
Since the attacks in February, ISIS has besieged several ancient Assyrian sites, including the Iraqi city of Nimrud, the village of Khorsabad, and Hatra, a 2,000-year-old city.
An ancient branch of Christianity, the Assyrian Church of the East has roots dating back to the 1st century AD. Assyrian Christians speak Aramaic, the language of Jesus, and have origins in ancient Mesopotamia – a territory which spreads across northern Iraq, north-east Syria and south-eastern Turkey.

Saturday, January 23, 2016

Islamic State Militants Destroy The Oldest Christian Monastery In Iraq

Islamic State Militants Destroy The Oldest Christian Monastery In Iraq

St. Elijah's Monastery of Mosul was completely wiped out.

 01/20/2016 03:05 am ET | Updated 3 days ago
 
ASSOCIATED PRESS
In this 2005 file photo released by the U.S. Army, soldiers view the city of Mosul, Iraq from the top of the St. Elijah's Monastery. The building has since been destroyed by ISIS.
IRBIL, Iraq (AP) — The oldest Christian monastery in Iraq has been reduced to a field of rubble, yet another victim of the Islamic State's relentless destruction of ancient cultural sites.
For 1,400 years the compound survived assaults by nature and man, standing as a place of worship recently for U.S. troops. In earlier centuries, generations of monks tucked candles in the niches and prayed in the cool chapel. The Greek letters chi and rho, representing the first two letters of Christ's name, were carved near the entrance.
Now satellite photos obtained exclusively by The Associated Press confirm the worst fears of church authorities and preservationists — St. Elijah's Monastery of Mosul has been completely wiped out.
In his office in exile in Irbil, Iraq, the Rev. Paul Thabit Habib, 39, stared quietly at before- and after-images of the monastery that once perched on a hillside above his hometown of Mosul. Shaken, he flipped back to his own photos for comparison.
ASSOCIATED PRESS
The monastery survived assaults by nature and man for 1,400 years.
"I can't describe my sadness," he said in Arabic. "Our Christian history in Mosul is being barbarically leveled. We see it as an attempt to expel us from Iraq, eliminating and finishing our existence in this land."
The Islamic State group, which broke from al-Qaida and now controls large parts of Iraq and Syria, has killed thousands of civilians and forced out hundreds of thousands of Christians, threatening a religion that has endured in the region for 2,000 years. Along the way, its fighters have destroyed buildings and ruins historical and culturally significant structures they consider contrary to their interpretation of Islam.
Those who knew the monastery wondered about its fate after the extremists swept through in June 2014 and largely cut communications to the area.
Now, St. Elijah's has joined a growing list of more than 100 demolished religious and historic sites, including mosques, tombs, shrines and churches in Syria and Iraq. The extremists have defaced or ruined ancient monuments in Nineveh, Palmyra and Hatra. Museums and libraries have been looted, books burned, artwork crushed — or trafficked.
"A big part of tangible history has been destroyed," said Rev. Manuel Yousif Boji. A Chaldean Catholic pastor in Southfield, Michigan, he remembers attending Mass at St. Elijah's almost 60 years ago while a seminarian in Mosul.
"These persecutions have happened to our church more than once, but we believe in the power of truth, the power of God," said Boji. He is part of the Detroit area's Chaldean community, which became the largest outside Iraq after the sectarian bloodshed that followed the U.S. invasion in 2003. Iraq's Christian population has dropped from 1.3 million then to 300,000 now, church authorities say.
ASSOCIATED PRESS
The destruction of the monastery is a blow for U.S. troops and advisers who served in Iraq and had tried to protect and honor the site.

Suzanne Bott, who spent more than two years restoring St. Elijah's Monastery as a U.S. State Department cultural adviser in Iraq, teared up when the AP showed her the images.
"Oh no way. It's just razed completely," said Bott. "What we lose is a very tangible reminder of the roots of a religion."
Army reserve Col. Mary Prophit remembered a sunrise service in St. Elijah where, as a Catholic lay minister, she served communion.
"I let that moment sink in, the candlelight, the first rays of sunshine. We were worshipping in a place where people had been worshipping God for 1,400 years," said Prophit, who was deployed there in 2004 and again in 2009.
"I would imagine that many people are feeling like, 'What were the last 10 years for if these guys can go in and destroy everything?'" said Prophit, a library manager in Glenoma, Washington.
This month, at the request of AP, satellite imagery firm DigitalGlobe tasked a high resolution camera passing over the site to grab photos, and then pulled earlier images of the same spot from their archive of pictures taken globally every day. Imagery analyst Stephen Wood, CEO of Allsource Analysis, reviewed the pictures for AP and identified the date of destruction between Aug. 27 and Sept. 28, 2014. Before it was razed, images show a partially restored, 27,000-square-foot religious building. Although the roof was largely missing, it had 26 distinctive rooms including a sanctuary and chapel. One month later, "the stone walls have been literally pulverized," said Wood.
"Bulldozers, heavy equipment, sledgehammers, possibly explosives turned those stone walls into this field of gray-white dust. They destroyed it completely," he said. "There's nothing to rebuild."

ASSOCIATED PRESS
Before it was razed, the partially restored, 27,000-square-foot stone and mortar building stood fortress-like on a hill above Mosul. Although the roof was largely missing, it had 26 distinctive rooms including a sanctuary and chapel.

 The monastery, called Dair Mar Elia, is named for the Assyrian Christian monk — St. Elijah — who built it between 582 and 590 A.C. It was a holy site for Iraqi Christians for centuries, part of the Mideast's Chaldean Catholic community.
In 1743, tragedy struck when as many as 150 monks who refused to convert to Islam were massacred under orders of a Persian general, and the monastery was damaged. For the next two centuries it remained a place of pilgrimage, even after it was incorporated into an Iraqi military training base and later a U.S. base.
Then in 2003 St. Elijah's shuddered again — this time a wall was smashed by a tank turret blown off in battle. Iraqi troops had already moved in, dumping garbage in the ancient cistern. The U.S. Army's 101st Airborne Division took control, with troops painting over ancient murals and scrawling their division's "Screaming Eagle," along with "Chad wuz here" and "I love Debbie," on the walls.
A U.S. military chaplain, recognizing St. Elijah's significance, kicked the troops out and the Army's subsequent preservation initiative became a pet project for a series of chaplains who toured thousands of soldiers through the ruin.
"It was a sacred place. We literally bent down physically to enter, an acquiescence to the reality that there was something greater going on inside," remembered military chaplain Jeffrey Whorton. A Catholic priest who now works at Ft. Bragg, he had to collect himself after viewing the damage. "I don't know why this is affecting me so much," he said.
The U.S. military's efforts drew attention from international media outlets including the AP in 2008. Today those chronicles, from YouTube videos captured on the cell phones of visiting soldiers to AP's own high resolution, detailed photographs, take on new importance as archives of what was lost.
One piece published in Smithsonian Magazine was written by American journalist James Foley, six years before he was killed by Islamic State militants.
St. Elijah's was being saved, Foley wrote in 2008, "for future generations of Iraqis who will hopefully soon have the security to appreciate it."

Monday, January 11, 2016

In Iraq, a Detroit DJ fights ISIS on the airwaves

In Iraq, a Detroit DJ fights ISIS on the airwaves

noorstudio1.jpg
Noor Matti hosts the Breakfast Club radio show at Babylon FM, the only English language radio show in Iraq. (Bridge photo by Kurt Nagl)
The Center for Michigan | Bridge MagazineBy The Center for Michigan | Bridge Magazine 
on January 09, 2016 at 8:00 AM, updated January 09, 2016 at 8:12 AM
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By Kurt Nagl
ERBIL, Iraq — We were about 20 miles outside the occupied city of Mosul, the Islamic State's capital in Iraq, when the signal came in.
I had been spinning the radio dial for hours, searching for something — anything — a bit more cheerful than the doomsday ISIS sermons, the ones punctuated with cries of "Death to America. Death to the infidels."
When, miraculously, I landed on the welcoming wordplay of Eminem's "Lose Yourself," and did just that. I got lost in the thought of being home, in Detroit, far from the front lines. It reminded me how music has the power to change people's lives, to bring hope. I was about to meet a young Assyrian from Detroit who has risked his life for that possibility.
Enter Noor Matti, the DJ behind the Eminem track that came on that day as our news team cut along the Kurdish side of ISIS-infested badlands near Mount Sinjar.
From 8 to 10 every morning, the 31-year-old Matti hosts the Detroit-themedBreakfast Club on 99.3 Babylon FM, the only English-language radio station in Iraq. The program is broadcast from Erbil, capital of Iraq's Kurdistan region, some 45 miles from Mosul.
The format is simple: Matti spins records and brings in entertainers and other guests from the region to talk about topics beyond the daily fare of war, refugees, turmoil and economic crisis. His musical interests lean toward hip-hop, more Big Sean than Motown; influenced by his years in Detroit before returning to Iraq. Another Detroit influence: phone pranks, which Matti exported from his favorite Motor City station.
"Babylon FM is a door to Detroit, to Western culture," Matti said of his show. It's a message that appears to be finding a receptive audience among an estimated 15,000 listeners his program draws across northern Iraq, though the ISIS-controlled station in Mosul often tries to jam Babylon's signal.
"Music is a strong tool against ISIS because it goes against what they think is allowed in life," Matti said. "Music is a universal language, and a 16-year-old in Erbil can easily relate to a song coming out of Detroit."
Detroit civic and business leaders talk incessantly about the need to improve the city's image as a place to raise a family, start a business and attract entrepreneurially minded immigrants who will create jobs. If so, Noor Matti is proving an unlikely ally in helping burnish the city's cultural cachet among young Middle Easterners.
marynight.jpgA statue of the Virgin Mary welcomes visitors to Ankawa, a safe area for Iraq's persecuted Christian community on the edge of Erbil. (Bridge photo by Kurt Nagl) 
Matti lives and works in Ankawa, a Christian neighborhood on the edge of Erbil where life contrasts sharply with the conservative, mostly Muslim city. The U.S. consulate is located in Ankawa, and the lively neighborhood serves as a haven for Westerners who work in the region, mostly for the United Nations, the oil industry or nongovernmental agencies. Women walk around at night without hijabs, and cafes and liquor stores line the streets.
Recent violence and tension have threatened the freedom of this dwelling, however. In April, an ISIS bomb outside the consulate's entrance killed three people and blew out a row of storefronts that remain vacant today. The street has been blockaded since the attack, the consulate more heavily fortified with concrete barriers. Security guards walk the area at all hours, Kalashnikov rifles in hand. More recently, anti-government protests in the Kurdistan region have prompted officials to close nearly all bars in Ankawa and place stricter rules on alcohol. In December, ISIS conducted military operations east of Mosul, as its fighters prepare for an expected American-led effort to retake the city.
mall.jpgThe enclave of Ankawa in northern Iraq is more westernized than other parts of this conservative country, with fashionable clothing stores, bars and entertainment. (Bridge photo by Kurt Nagl) 
For Matti, playing American music, especially hip-hop, against the backdrop of Islamic extremism or Kurdish patriotic anthems is a political statement in itself. Local people generally love the United States (American Top 40 with Ryan Seacrest is broadcast twice on Saturday), even if they're not quite ready to ditch centuries of tradition.
Though ISIS routinelythreatens pop stars and entertainers with death, Matti said he doesn't worry about the danger.
"I'm sure there are people listening to me who hate me and want to kill me," he said. "But when you have a purpose in your life, nothing in the world matters. Nothing will stop you."
Escape to Detroit
Matti was born in Iraq, a member of the Assyro-Chaldean sect. Chaldeans are an ancient branch of Catholicism, descendents of the people of Mesopotamia, and some followers still speak Aramaic, the language spoken by Jesus Christ. Their ancestral homeland is in northern Iraq, and the religion traces its roots there over thousands of years.

Noor, his parents and sister joined dozens of relatives fleeing the country in 1992 after the first Gulf War. By foot and car, they fled from Erbil to Turkey, where he said they were jailed for three months. His family piled onto a boat bound for Greece — the same deadly route thousands are now taking to escape ISIS. Eight years old at the time, Matti said he will never forget the cold, miserable trip, or the relief he felt when seeing land.
That relief was short-lived.
"When we reached shore, 15 paramilitary troops put guns to our heads and were screaming in a language we couldn't understand," Matti said. "My mom kept saying, 'We're going to die.'"
Jailed again in Athens, he said his family was granted refugee status by theUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. They applied for U.S. citizenship, then waited for two years before getting approval to move to the U.S. They eventually settled in metro Detroit, with its large Chaldean population, and gained citizenship.
Though safe from the violence plaguing his homeland, Matti said the transition was not easy for a 10-year-old boy from Iraq.
"I looked different and my name wasn't normal, so I'd get beat up a lot," Matti said. "I tried to be cool, but it just wasn't working."
Noor found solace in music.
"I remember first hearing Eminem on 93.1 (WDRQ-FM), and from that moment music just went into my blood," he said.
Matti and his family eventually adapted to life in their home in Warren. They started businesses in Detroit and surrounding areas. Matti created "Noortorious Media" at Fitzgerald High School, made friends through sports and interned at a video production company, work he loved, but his parents rejected.
"Like all immigrant parents, they wanted me to be a doctor," Matti said.
He graduated with a bachelor's degree in biology from Wayne State University in 2008, at the peak of the city's economic and political crisis. He said he was accepted to study optometry but lacked the money or desire to enroll. He bided his time parking cars at a Detroit hotel and weighing his future.
"I was feeling lost, in that phase every college student has after graduation," Matti said. "I asked myself, 'Where do I belong?'"
The answer, eventually, was back in Iraq.
"There were no opportunities for me," he said of life in Detroit, "so I just gave my parents my degree and bounced."
A meeting in Ankawa
Matti returned to Iraq in 2008 with no family except a few cousins and an uncle. But with a bright smile and extroverted nature he soon made friends, earning cash as an English teacher.
It didn't hurt being from Detroit, either; both places, Matti said, share an underdog, climb-to-the-top mentality.
So when Babylon Media launched an English-language station, Matti was determined to take its reins. The company had only been in Erbil a few years, and was perhaps best known for "Kurdish MTV," which plays Kurdish music videos 24-7, along with a radio station that caters to refugees.
Matti walked into the building and told the manager, "I'm going to run your radio station."
He got the job.
"Promoting the values I learned in Detroit is a matter of survival here," he said one day recently inside his studio, wearing a flat-brimmed Detroit Tigers cap, loose and a bit crooked.
babylon1.jpgBabylon FM broadcasts from Ankawa, the Christian quarters of Erbil, about 45 miles from the Islamic State stronghold of Mosul. (Bridge photo by Kurt Nagl) 

"Perseverance, peace and acceptance — it's hard here because of ISIS and extremism," Matti said.
His radio show has found a niche with a younger audience that has embraced Western culture in a country that fiercely opposed it for years. His show is more than just playing top hits. It's a platform to discuss ideas buried by the region's mainstream conservative culture. And to have some fun.
Take, for example, radio segments he learned in Detroit and integrated into his show in Iraq. Every week, he does a prank phone call bit inspired by the classic"War of the Roses" (exposing cheaters) and "Phone Scams" from the "Mojo in the Morning" show on 95.5 WKQI-FM, which he always tuned into back in Detroit.
"That brand of humor is unheard of here," Matti told me between mouthfuls of hummus and chicken kabob at a local social club. "But people love it."
One of his favorite scams, he said, was when he posed as a member of Asayish, the Kurdistan region's primary intelligence agency, and convinced a foreigner from France living in Erbil that his residency was invalid. "You have no residency, you must leave," Matti said in muddled English as he broke into radio character at the table. "It was hilarious. He was freaking out."
His phone victim, Matti admits, was actually a friend of a friend and took the joke in stride. Airing such material in Iraq, he said, is a delicate process and those he pranks are at least acquaintances.
"We couldn't actually do "War of the Roses" here because people would get killed over that," he said.
Matti's music selection pushes boundaries just the same. Detroit stars Eminem and Big Sean are staples in the mix, painstakingly edited to avoid backlash, and he'll sometimes throw in Kid Rock or Madonna.
The DJ pulls from local talent, too. Kurdish pop star Helly Luv, who made a name in the industry by filming provocative music videos on the frontlines of war, sat down with Babylon before many in the world knew her name.
The show also hosts an underground rapper named Frank Flo from Ranya, a Kurdish city near the Iranian border; listen to Matti's entertaining interview with Flo here. Inspired as well by Emimem, Flo has never left Iraq yet delivers lyrics in perfect English with flair and plenty of expletives.
While Matti and his guests work to create a more promising future for the people of Iraq, the reality outside of the studio looks bleak. In 2014, when ISIS began capturing large swaths of territory in Iraq, digging in dangerously near to Erbil, Matti's parents urged him to return to the U.S.
"They told me it wasn't funny anymore," he said. "'Come home now.'"
noor1.jpg"I am not going to turn my back on the people here," Noor Matti said of life in Iraq's Kurdistan region. "My dream is to continue building this community." (Bridge photo by Kurt Nagl) 
He said he couldn't abandon his homeland because of another value he learned from Detroit: loyalty.
"I am not going to turn my back on the people here," he said. "My dream is to continue building this community."
Matti said he knows extremism and violence in Iraq will be around for many years to come. He knows his mother and father want nothing more than for him to return to Detroit, the place of refuge they risked their lives to move to in 1992.
While Matti's family is comfortable in their lives in metro Detroit, the privilege of having been able to escape violence drew Matti back to it, he said. The opportunity of helping those in need gives his life purpose.
"I'm going to do good with my American passport; not use it to escape," he said.
His time in Iraq has also given him a different, harshly critical, perspective on U.S. policy in the Middle East, which Matti contends has actually made life more difficult for its people.
"One living in America doesn't usually ask why the U.S. is allies with terrible nations such as Saudi Arabia," he said. "But you do start asking that question when you live abroad and see things from a closer view."
Seeking better days
In response to the persecution of his people, Matti created the Shlama Foundation to aid refugees and connect the Chaldean diaspora in Detroit to the homeland. Since August 2014, he said he has raised more than $90,000 for food, housing and medical aid, all of which he and volunteers distribute directly.
Most recently, Matti set out to the Nineveh Plains, just miles from ISIS positions, to provide shelter for over a dozen families that escaped the terror group.
Matti knows the security situation could change instantly and without warning. "ISIS could decide to come here at any moment," he said.
Just a few miles from Erbil, entire villages have been leveled by airstrikes and artillery fire, often with families inside who had no warning of impending slaughter.
refugeespeace.jpgBaharka Camp, in the corner of Ankawa, is home to more than 4,000 internally displaced people, most of whom fled their homes when ISIS gained control of Mosul. (Bridge photo by Kurt Nagl) 
There are 4-year-old Syrian children living in the streets with no food or water, begging motorists for money so their families can survive. Women give birth in squalid refugee camps with no doctors or medicine. Kurdish peshmerga fighters have been beheaded and burned alive. But even here there is hope and Matti says that if Detroit can rise from the ashes of its bankruptcy and blackened global image, Iraq can rise as well.
Music offers an escape no matter where it's heard — in a war-scarred country plagued by religious extremism, or an inner-city neighborhood with little opportunity.
The DJ has made his choice. He is committed to offering his audience what he was given two decades ago when he survived the boat ride to Greece: hope ‒ with a soundtrack from Detroit.
For more information on Noor Matti's foundation, visit shlama.org. To hear the Breakfast Club via livestream, visit Babylon FM online.
Kurt Nagl is a reporter with Michigan roots. His most recent endeavors took him to northern Iraq, where he reports on the war against ISIS, the refugee crisis and related issues.
© Bridge Magazine, reprinted with permission. Bridge Magazine, a publication ofThe Center for Michigan, produces independent, nonprofit public affairs journalism and is a partner with MLive.